INCORPORAÇÃO DE NANOTUBOS DE DIÓXIDO DE TITÂNIO EM GÉIS CLAREADORES DENTAIS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24980/ucsb.v5i8.7149Palavras-chave:
peróxido de hidrogênio, clareamento dental, titânioResumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar criticamente estudos recentes sobre a adição de nanotubos de dióxido de titânio (TiO₂-NTs) a géis clareadores dentais, buscando compreender mecanismos de ação, protocolos de uso e benefícios clínicos. Métodos: Para isso, os autores realizaram uma revisão integrativa nas bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect e SciELO, incluindo publicações até junho de 2025. Foram selecionados estudos in vitro, in situ e in vivo que avaliaram eficácia, alterações do esmalte e citotoxicidade dos géis contendo TiO₂-NTs. Resultados: A síntese dos trabalhos mostrou evidências consistentes de que concentrações baixas (0,5–1%) de TiO₂-NTs potencializam o clareamento mesmo com menores doses de peróxido de hidrogênio, especialmente quando ativadas por LEDs violeta. Os estudos relatam ainda menor perda de microdureza e rugosidade do esmalte, estabilização do pH e redução de marcadores inflamatórios em culturas celulares, sugerindo maior biocompatibilidade. Apesar de um ensaio clínico preliminar indicar resultados promissores, há escassez de estudos clínicos robustos e padronização insuficiente dos protocolos de luz e das propriedades físico-químicas dos nanotubos. Conclusão: baseado na análise crítica dos artigos incluídos nesta revisão, foi possível concluir que a incorporação de TiO₂-NTs representa um avanço promissor no clareamento dental, pois combina maior eficácia com menor agressividade e melhor perfil de segurança. Entretanto, a aplicação clínica ampla ainda depende de padronização tecnológica, ensaios clínicos randomizados e avaliação dos efeitos a longo prazo.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to critically analyze recent studies on the incorporation of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO₂-NTs) into dental bleaching gels to understand their mechanisms of action, application protocols, and clinical benefits. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SciELO databases, including publications available through June 2025. In vitro, in situ, and in vivo studies evaluating the efficacy, enamel alterations, and cytotoxicity of gels containing TiO₂-NTs were selected. Results: The synthesis of the studies showed consistent evidence that low concentrations (0.5–1%) of TiO₂-NTs enhance bleaching efficacy even with lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, particularly when activated by violet LEDs. The studies also reported lower loss of enamel microhardness, reduced enamel roughness, pH stabilization, and decreased inflammatory markers in cell cultures, suggesting greater biocompatibility. Although a preliminary clinical trial indicated promising results, robust clinical studies remain scarce, and there is insufficient standardization of light-activation protocols and the physicochemical properties of the nanotubes. Conclusion: Based on the critical analysis of the articles included in this review, it was concluded that the incorporation of TiO₂-NTs represents a promising advancement in dental bleaching, as it combines greater efficacy with reduced adverse effects and an improved safety profile. However, widespread clinical application still depends on technological standardization, randomized clinical trials, and evaluation of long-term effects.
Descriptors: hydrogen peroxide; tooth bleaching; titanium.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jully Anna Cardoso CORREA, Gabriele Oliveira AMARAL, Marjorie de Oliveira GALLINARI
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