PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS AS RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NURSING PROFESSIONALS

AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Nursing is an essential profession for human well-being, characterized by individualized and humanized care. However, the work environment in this field particularly within intensive care units (ICUs) can lead to high levels of stress, contributing to conditions such as burnout syndrome. This syndrome, defined by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment, is exacerbated by performance pressure, long work hours, and insufficient support. In this context, the present study is justified by the need to reflect on how healthcare institutions can improve working conditions and safeguard the mental health of nurses. This integrative review aimed to analyze scientific literature addressing which psychosocial work factors may contribute to the development of burnout syndrome among ICU nursing professionals. The PICO strategy was used to guide the formulation of the research question: “Which psychosocial work factors may contribute to the development of burnout syndrome among intensive care unit nursing professionals?” Between May 2019 and April 2024, 13 articles were selected, from which four thematic categories emerged: the COVID-19 pandemic and burnout, length of service in the ICU, emotional demands of ICU work, and work overload. Findings indicate that nurses’ psychological distress is largely associated with the highly complex care environment of ICUs, which imposes extreme technical and emotional demands capable of compromising professionals’ health. These effects, however, can be mitigated through adequate working conditions, psychological support, and effective stress management strategies.

Keywords: mental health; Burnout syndrome; nurses; intensive care unit.