POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF GLUTEN AND CASEIN ON THE HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves challenges in communication and behavior, often accompanied by food selectivity and gastrointestinal symptoms. Some theories suggest that gluten and casein may increase intestinal permeability and affect the nervous system, motivating the use of restrictive diets to mitigate symptoms associated with the disorder. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of gluten- and casein-free diets on the health and behavior of children with ASD, analyzing food selectivity and potential nutritional controversies. This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted through an electronic questionnaire administered to 22 caregivers of children with ASD. The adapted LABIRINTO Scale was used to assess eating habits and food selectivity. The study was approved by a Research Ethics Committee. The sample showed a predominance of males (81.8%). Contrary to common assumptions, 90.9% of the participants did not have gluten intolerance, and most did not present severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Food selectivity was evident: 45.5% avoided vegetables, and 27.3% exhibited dietary monotony. The literature indicates that exclusion diets may lead to calcium and vitamin deficiencies without guaranteeing significant behavioral improvements, reinforcing the risk of worsening pre-existing food selectivity. The relationship between diet and ASD is individualized. The results indicate that the exclusion of gluten and casein is not always necessary and may entail nutritional risks. It is concluded that dietary interventions should be personalized and supervised by healthcare professionals, prioritizing nutritional adequacy and the overall well-being of the child.